What risks can arise when working in excavations?

Work performed in excavations (earth and trenching work) is considered particularly hazardous in construction industry. In particular, the danger lies in the potential for partial or complete collapse of excavation walls. Risks associated with working in excavations include:

  • a person falling into the excavation from an unsecured edge;
  • being covered by soil/burial of a person due to excavation wall collapse, often with fatal consequences (the pressure of the soil during the burial is enormous, the soft tissues, arteries and veins in the body are compressed and even if the rescued person is relatively unharmed, a blood or fat clot can subsequently be released leading to embolism and subsequent death – medical attention must always be sought after the burial!);
  • objects/machinery falling on a person in the excavation;
  • electric shock from damaged electrical wiring;
  • gas poisoning from damaged gas pipelines or from rocks;
  • damage to structures by gas explosions caused by damaged gas pipeline.
The following happened: occupational injury to a foreigner while working in an excavation with fatal consequences

An employee from Ukraine (†38) was performing manual cleaning of the excavation. The machine-dug excavation measured 2 x 3 meters and was approximately 2.5 meters deep. The fire pipe was to be repaired. The employee entered the unsupported excavation, and subsequently the wall of the excavation collapsed, burying the worker. The cave-in caused injuries incompatible with life.

The driver did not properly secure the crawler excavator on a waterlogged slope. It spontaneously slid down and pushed a 2.5 ton gas pipe into the excavation where the affected Slovak national worker was located (†52). The worker was buried by the pipe and sustained injuries incompatible with life.

“Ten Commandments” of safety for earth and excavation work
  • Before starting excavation work, the construction documentation must be properly prepared, and, depending on the circumstances, help of a hydrogeologist and structural engineer may be required.
  • Entry of persons into the excavation must be minimized. If possible, give preference to no-excavation work or the use of remotely controlled machines.
  • The site of the excavation work must be secured against entry of unauthorized persons and against the risk of persons falling into the excavation.
  • Crossings and passageways must be installed over excavations. A crossing of at least 0.75 m must be installed over an excavation deeper than 0.5 m on a fenced construction site, provided with:

railing (one side is sufficient for depths of 1.5 m). 

Obrázek

The source of the image: Projekt č. TIRSMPSV701 „Inovativní řešení skupiny potřeb v oblasti optimalizace předpisů, postupů a opatření BOZP včetně diseminačních opatření“ financovaný se stání podporou Technologické agentury ČR v rámci projektu BETA. 

Annex No. 3 III to Government Regulation No. 591/2006 Coll., on more specific minimum requirements for occupational safety and health on construction sites